"The first branch of which rule containeth the first and fundamental law of nature, which is: to seek peace and follow it. Hobbes described two fundamental laws of nature in the first five paragraphs of Chapter 14 of Leviathan: Hobbes' concept of diffidence refers to the anxiety people feel when they fear for their security or standing vis à vis another individual. In this natural condition our lives are "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short". Hobbes famously claimed that human beings are naturally in a state of war. Hobbes' concept of the social contract and his entire political philosophy begin with his description of the state of nature. How much control did Hobbes believe individuals have to give up to the common central power? How is this similar or dissimilar to various governmental structures today?.What did Hobbes mean by commonwealth? What did he mean by leviathan? Why did he choose this word for his ruler?.He said, "the only way to erect such a common power …" is what? Hobbes believed we need to institute a central power due to these accounts.How are human beings different from bees and ants?.Why do we enter into a social contract according to Hobbes (your responses may overlap with some of your answers above)?.What is Hobbes' Second Law of Nature (which follows from the first)?.What is Hobbes' First and Fundamental Law of Nature?.What is Hobbes' reasoning for this atypical description of rights?.What did every human being have a right to according to Hobbes? What about your neighbor or colleague?.What did Hobbes mean by a law of nature, generally speaking?.How did Hobbes define liberty? Why do you think Hobbes understood liberty in this way? How does this compare with other definitions of liberty we have discussed so far in this course, such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John Locke, the French revolutionaries, Milton Friedman and Robert Nozick?.What did Hobbes mean by a right of nature?.List three reasons why Hobbes believed human life in the state of war is undesirable.How does war function for Hobbes in relation to political theory and the social contract?.Do you agree with Hobbes' analysis of the state of war?.List the three reasons Hobbes gave for why human beings quarrel with each other.What did Hobbes mean when he suggested this equality leads to a diffidence that each of us has for other human beings?.Define what Hobbes meant by diffidence.Do you think his analysis is convincing or does he ignore some relevant points?.
Why did Thomas Hobbes suggest that all human beings have equal abilities?.4a: Explain Hobbes' description of the state of nature and its implications for human nature.
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